Cloud Practice

#31 (Accuracy: 98% / 12 votes)

A company is running a web application in the AWS Cloud. The application consists of dynamic content that is created on a set of Amazon EC2 instances. The EC2 instances run in an Auto Scaling group that is configured as a target group for an Application Load Balancer (ALB).

The company is using an Amazon CloudFront distribution to distribute the application globally. The CloudFront distribution uses the ALB as an origin. The company uses Amazon Route 53 for DNS and has created an A record of www.example.com for the CloudFront distribution.

A solutions architect must configure the application so that itis highly available and fault tolerant.

Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Provision a full, secondary application deployment in a different AWS Region. Update the Route 53 A record to be a failover record. Add both of the CloudFront distributions as values. Create Route 53 health checks.
B. Provision an ALB, an Auto Scaling group, and EC2 instances in a different AWS Region. Update the CloudFront distribution, and create a second origin for the new ALCreate an origin group for the two origins. Configure one origin as primary and one origin as secondary.
C. Provision an Auto Scaling group and EC2 instances in a different AWS Region. Create a second target for the new Auto Scaling group in the ALB. Set up the failover routing algorithm on the ALB.
D. Provision a full, secondary application deployment in a different AWS Region. Create a second CloudFront distribution, and add the new application setup as an origin. Create an AWS Global Accelerator accelerator. Add both of the CloudFront distributions as endpoints.

#32 (Accuracy: 100% / 8 votes)

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that has a large number of AWS accounts. One of the AWS accounts is designated as a transit account and has a transit gateway that is shared with all of the other AWS accounts. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are configured between all of the company’s global offices and the transit account. The company has AWS Config enabled on all of its accounts.

The company’s networking team needs to centrally manage a list of internal IP address ranges that belong to the global offices. Developers will reference this list to gain access to their applications securely.

Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

A. Create a JSON file that is hosted in Amazon S3 and that lists all of the internal IP address ranges. Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in each of the accounts that can be invoked when the JSON file is updated. Subscribe an AWS Lambda function to the SNS topic to update all relevant security group rules with the updated IP address ranges.
B. Create a new AWS Config managed rule that contains all of the internal IP address ranges. Use the rule to check the security groups in each of the accounts to ensure compliance with the list of IP address ranges. Configure the rule to automatically remediate any noncompliant security group that is detected.
C. In the transit account, create a VPC prefix list with all of the internal IP address ranges. Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the prefix list with all of the other accounts. Use the shared prefix list to configure security group rules in the other accounts.
D. In the transit account, create a security group with all of the internal IP address ranges. Configure the security groups in the other accounts to reference the transit account’s security group by using a nested security group reference of “/sg-1a2b3c4d”.

#33 (Accuracy: 100% / 8 votes)

An AWS customer has a web application that runs on premises. The web application fetches data from a third-party API that is behind a firewall. The third party accepts only one public CIDR block in each client’s allow list.

The customer wants to migrate their web application to the AWS Cloud. The application will be hosted on a set of Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in a VPC. The ALB is located in public subnets. The EC2 instances are located in private subnets. NAT gateways provide internet access to the private subnets.

How should a solutions architect ensure that the web application can continue to call the third-party API after the migration?

A. Associate a block of customer-owned public IP addresses to the VPC. Enable public IP addressing for public subnets in the VPC.
B. Register a block of customer-owned public IP addresses in the AWS account. Create Elastic IP addresses from the address block and assign them to the NAT gateways in the VPC.
C. Create Elastic IP addresses from the block of customer-owned IP addresses. Assign the static Elastic IP addresses to the ALB.
D. Register a block of customer-owned public IP addresses in the AWS account. Set up AWS Global Accelerator to use Elastic IP addresses from the address block. Set the ALB as the accelerator endpoint.

#34 (Accuracy: 95% / 15 votes)

A solutions architect needs to copy data from an Amazon S3 bucket m an AWS account to a new S3 bucket in a new AWS account. The solutions architect must implement a solution that uses the AWS CLI.

Which combination of steps will successfully copy the data? (Choose three.)

A. Create a bucket policy to allow the source bucket to list its contents and to put objects and set object ACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the bucket policy to the destination bucket.
B. Create a bucket policy to allow a user in the destination account to list the source bucket’s contents and read the source bucket’s objects. Attach the bucket policy to the source bucket.
C. Create an IAM policy in the source account. Configure the policy to allow a user in the source account to list contents and get objects in the source bucket, and to list contents, put objects, and set object ACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the policy to the user.
D. Create an IAM policy in the destination account. Configure the policy to allow a user in the destination account to list contents and get objects in the source bucket, and to list contents, put objects, and set objectACLs in the destination bucket. Attach the policy to the user.
E. Run the aws s3 sync command as a user in the source account. Specify the source and destination buckets to copy the data.
F. Run the aws s3 sync command as a user in the destination account. Specify the source and destination buckets to copy the data.

#35 (Accuracy: 98% / 12 votes)

A company built an application based on AWS Lambda deployed in an AWS CloudFormation stack. The last production release of the web application introduced an issue that resulted in an outage lasting several minutes. A solutions architect must adjust the deployment process to support a canary release.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an alias for every new deployed version of the Lambda function. Use the AWS CLI update-alias command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.
B. Deploy the application into a new CloudFormation stack. Use an Amazon Route 53 weighted routing policy to distribute the load.
C. Create a version for every new deployed Lambda function. Use the AWS CLI update-function-configuration command with the routing-config parameter to distribute the load.
D. Configure AWS CodeDeploy and use CodeDeployDefault.OneAtATime in the Deployment configuration to distribute the load.

#36 (Accuracy: 100% / 5 votes)

A finance company hosts a data lake in Amazon S3. The company receives financial data records over SFTP each night from several third parties. The company runs its own SFTP server on an Amazon EC2 instance in a public subnet of a VPC. After the files are uploaded, they are moved to the data lake by a cron job that runs on the same instance. The SFTP server is reachable on DNS sftp.example.com through the use of Amazon Route 53.

What should a solutions architect do to improve the reliability and scalability of the SFTP solution?

A. Move the EC2 instance into an Auto Scaling group. Place the EC2 instance behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the ALB.
B. Migrate the SFTP server to AWS Transfer for SFTP. Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the server endpoint hostname.
C. Migrate the SFTP server to a file gateway in AWS Storage Gateway. Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the file gateway endpoint.
D. Place the EC2 instance behind a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Update the DNS record sftp.example.com in Route 53 to point to the NLB.

#37 (Accuracy: 100% / 9 votes)

A company wants to migrate an application to Amazon EC2 from VMware Infrastructure that runs in an on-premises data center. A solutions architect must preserve the software and configuration settings during the migration.

What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

A. Configure the AWS DataSync agent to start replicating the data store to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server. Use the SMB share to host the VMware data store. Use VM Import/Export to move the VMs to Amazon EC2.
B. Use the VMware vSphere client to export the application as an image in Open Virtualization Format (OVF) format. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to store the image in the destination AWS Region. Create and apply an IAM role for VM Import. Use the AWS CLI to run the EC2 import command.
C. Configure AWS Storage Gateway for files service to export a Common Internet File System (CIFS) share. Create a backup copy to the shared folder. Sign in to the AWS Management Console and create an AMI from the backup copy. Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI.
D. Create a managed-instance activation for a hybrid environment in AWS Systems Manager. Download and install Systems Manager Agent on the on-premises VM. Register the VM with Systems Manager to be a managed instance. Use AWS Backup to create a snapshot of the VM and create an AMI. Launch an EC2 instance that is based on the AMI.

#38 (Accuracy: 93% / 12 votes)

A company has an organization in AWS Organizations. The company is using AWS Control Tower to deploy a landing zone for the organization. The company wants to implement governance and policy enforcement. The company must implement a policy that will detect Amazon RDS DB instances that are not encrypted at rest in the company’s production OU.

Which solution will meet this requirement?

A. Turn on mandatory guardrails in AWS Control Tower. Apply the mandatory guardrails to the production OU.
B. Enable the appropriate guardrail from the list of strongly recommended guardrails in AWS Control Tower. Apply the guardrail to the production OU.
C. Use AWS Config to create a new mandatory guardrail. Apply the rule to all accounts in the production OU.
D. Create a custom SCP in AWS Control Tower. Apply the SCP to the production OU.

#39 (Accuracy: 91% / 11 votes)

A startup company hosts a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in private subnets using the latest Amazon Linux 2 AMI. The company’s engineers rely heavily on SSH access to the instances for troubleshooting.

The company’s existing architecture includes the following:

• A VPC with private and public subnets, and a NAT gateway.
• Site-to-Site VPN for connectivity with the on-premises environment.
• EC2 security groups with direct SSH access from the on-premises environment.

The company needs to increase security controls around SSH access and provide auditing of commands run by the engineers.

Which strategy should a solutions architect use?

A. Install and configure EC2 Instance Connect on the fleet of EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Advise the engineers to remotely access the instances by using the EC2 Instance Connect CLI.
B. Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer’s devices. Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all EC2 instances and send operating system audit logs to CloudWatch Logs.
C. Update the EC2 security groups to only allow inbound TCP on port 22 to the IP addresses of the engineer’s devices. Enable AWS Config for EC2 security group resource changes. Enable AWS Firewall Manager and apply a security group policy that automatically remediates changes to rules.
D. Create an IAM role with the AmazonSSMManagedInstanceCore managed policy attached. Attach the IAM role to all the EC2 instances. Remove all security group rules attached to the EC2 instances that allow inbound TCP on port 22. Have the engineers install the AWS Systems Manager Session Manager plugin for their devices and remotely access the instances by using the start-session API call from Systems Manager.

#40 (Accuracy: 97% / 17 votes)

A company has applications in an AWS account that is named Source. The account is in an organization in AWS Organizations. One of the applications uses AWS Lambda functions and stores inventory data in an Amazon Aurora database. The application deploys the Lambda functions by using a deployment package. The company has configured automated backups for Aurora.

The company wants to migrate the Lambda functions and the Aurora database to a new AWS account that is named Target. The application processes critical data, so the company must minimize downtime.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Download the Lambda function deployment package from the Source account. Use the deployment package and create new Lambda functions in the Target account. Share the automated Aurora DB cluster snapshot with the Target account.
B. Download the Lambda function deployment package from the Source account. Use the deployment package and create new Lambda functions in the Target account. Share the Aurora DB cluster with the Target account by using AWS Resource Access Manager {AWS RAM). Grant the Target account permission to clone the Aurora DB cluster.
C. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the Lambda functions and the Aurora DB cluster with the Target account. Grant the Target account permission to clone the Aurora DB cluster.
D. Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the Lambda functions with the Target account. Share the automated Aurora DB cluster snapshot with the Target account.

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