Cloud Practice

#11 (Accuracy: 100% / 14 votes)

A company with global offices has a single 1 Gbps AWS Direct Connect connection to a single AWS Region. The company’s on-premises network uses the connection to communicate with the company’s resources in the AWS Cloud. The connection has a single private virtual interface that connects to a single VPC.
A solutions architect must implement a solution that adds a redundant Direct Connect connection in the same Region. The solution also must provide connectivity to other Regions through the same pair of Direct Connect connections as the company expands into other Regions.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Provision a Direct Connect gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the Direct Connect gateway. Connect the Direct Connect gateway to the single VPC.
B. Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new private virtual interface to the single VPC.
C. Keep the existing private virtual interface. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new public virtual interface on the new connection, and connect the new public virtual interface to the single VPC.
D. Provision a transit gateway. Delete the existing private virtual interface from the existing connection. Create the second Direct Connect connection. Create a new private virtual interface on each connection, and connect both private virtual interfaces to the transit gateway. Associate the transit gateway with the single VPC.

#12 (Accuracy: 100% / 16 votes)

A company has a serverless application comprised of Amazon CloudFront, Amazon API Gateway, and AWS Lambda functions. The current deployment process of the application code is to create a new version number of the Lambda function and run an AWS CLI script to update. If the new function version has errors, another CLI script reverts by deploying the previous working version of the function. The company would like to decrease the time to deploy new versions of the application logic provided by the Lambda functions, and also reduce the time to detect and revert when errors are identified.
How can this be accomplished?

A. Create and deploy nested AWS CloudFormation stacks with the parent stack consisting of the AWS CloudFront distribution and API Gateway, and the child stack containing the Lambda function. For changes to Lambda, create an AWS CloudFormation change set and deploy; if errors are triggered, revert the AWS CloudFormation change set to the previous version.
B. Use AWS SAM and built-in AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the new Lambda version, gradually shift traffic to the new version, and use pre-traffic and post-traffic test functions to verify code. Rollback if Amazon CloudWatch alarms are triggered.
C. Refactor the AWS CLI scripts into a single script that deploys the new Lambda version. When deployment is completed, the script tests execute. If errors are detected, revert to the previous Lambda version.
D. Create and deploy an AWS CloudFormation stack that consists of a new API Gateway endpoint that references the new Lambda version. Change the CloudFront origin to the new API Gateway endpoint, monitor errors and if detected, change the AWS CloudFront origin to the previous API Gateway endpoint.

#13 (Accuracy: 100% / 12 votes)

A company is developing a new service that will be accessed using TCP on a static port. A solutions architect must ensure that the service is highly available, has redundancy across Availability Zones, and is accessible using the DNS name my.service.com, which is publicly accessible. The service must use fixed address assignments so other companies can add the addresses to their allow lists.
Assuming that resources are deployed in multiple Availability Zones in a single Region, which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create Amazon EC2 instances with an Elastic IP address for each instance. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the static TCP port. Register EC2 instances with the NLB. Create a new name server record set named my.service.com, and assign the Elastic IP addresses of the EC2 instances to the record set. Provide the Elastic IP addresses of the EC2 instances to the other companies to add to their allow lists.
B. Create an Amazon ECS cluster and a service definition for the application. Create and assign public IP addresses for the ECS cluster. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the TCP port. Create a target group and assign the ECS cluster name to the NLCreate a new A record set named my.service.com, and assign the public IP addresses of the ECS cluster to the record set. Provide the public IP addresses of the ECS cluster to the other companies to add to their allow lists.
C. Create Amazon EC2 instances for the service. Create one Elastic IP address for each Availability Zone. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) and expose the assigned TCP port. Assign the Elastic IP addresses to the NLB for each Availability Zone. Create a target group and register the EC2 instances with the NLB. Create a new A (alias) record set named my.service.com, and assign the NLB DNS name to the record set.
D. Create an Amazon ECS cluster and a service definition for the application. Create and assign public IP address for each host in the cluster. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and expose the static TCP port. Create a target group and assign the ECS service definition name to the ALB. Create a new CNAME record set and associate the public IP addresses to the record set. Provide the Elastic IP addresses of the Amazon EC2 instances to the other companies to add to their allow lists.

#14 (Accuracy: 91% / 25 votes)

A company uses an on-premises data analytics platform. The system is highly available in a fully redundant configuration across 12 servers in the company’s data center.
The system runs scheduled jobs, both hourly and daily, in addition to one-time requests from users. Scheduled jobs can take between 20 minutes and 2 hours to finish running and have tight SLAs. The scheduled jobs account for 65% of the system usage. User jobs typically finish running in less than 5 minutes and have no SLA. The user jobs account for 35% of system usage. During system failures, scheduled jobs must continue to meet SLAs. However, user jobs can be delayed.
A solutions architect needs to move the system to Amazon EC2 instances and adopt a consumption-based model to reduce costs with no long-term commitments. The solution must maintain high availability and must not affect the SLAs.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Split the 12 instances across two Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run four instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.
B. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. In one of the Availability Zones, run all four instances as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run the remaining instances as Spot Instances.
C. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with a Savings Plan. Run two instances in each Availability Zone as Spot Instances.
D. Split the 12 instances across three Availability Zones in the chosen AWS Region. Run three instances in each Availability Zone as On-Demand Instances with Capacity Reservations. Run one instance in each Availability Zone as a Spot Instance.

#15 (Accuracy: 100% / 20 votes)

A security engineer determined that an existing application retrieves credentials to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database from an encrypted file in Amazon S3. For the next version of the application, the security engineer wants to implement the following application design changes to improve security:
The database must use strong, randomly generated passwords stored in a secure AWS managed service.
The application resources must be deployed through AWS CloudFormation.
The application must rotate credentials for the database every 90 days.
A solutions architect will generate a CloudFormation template to deploy the application.
Which resources specified in the CloudFormation template will meet the security engineer’s requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?

A. Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specify a Secrets Manager RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
B. Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Specify a Parameter Store RotationSchedule resource to rotate the database password every 90 days.
C. Generate the database password as a secret resource using AWS Secrets Manager. Create an AWS Lambda function resource to rotate the database password. Create an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule resource to trigger the Lambda function password rotation every 90 days.
D. Generate the database password as a SecureString parameter type using AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Specify an AWS AppSync DataSource resource to automatically rotate the database password every 90 days.

#16 (Accuracy: 95% / 13 votes)

A company that has multiple AWS accounts is using AWS Organizations. The company’s AWS accounts host VPCs, Amazon EC2 instances, and containers.
The company’s compliance team has deployed a security tool in each VPC where the company has deployments. The security tools run on EC2 instances and send information to the AWS account that is dedicated for the compliance team. The company has tagged all the compliance-related resources with a key of “costCenter” and a value or “compliance”.
The company wants to identify the cost of the security tools that are running on the EC2 instances so that the company can charge the compliance team’s AWS account. The cost calculation must be as accurate as possible.
What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?

A. In the management account of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Use the tag breakdown in the report to obtain the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
B. In the member accounts of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Schedule a monthly AWS Lambda function to retrieve the reports and calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
C. In the member accounts of the organization activate the costCenter user-defined tag. From the management account, schedule a monthly AWS Cost and Usage Report. Use the tag breakdown in the report to calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
D. Create a custom report in the organization view in AWS Trusted Advisor. Configure the report to generate a monthly billing summary for the costCenter tagged resources in the compliance team’s AWS account.

#17 (Accuracy: 100% / 8 votes)

A company has 50 AWS accounts that are members of an organization in AWS Organizations. Each account contains multiple VPCs. The company wants to use AWS Transit Gateway to establish connectivity between the VPCs in each member account. Each time a new member account is created, the company wants to automate the process of creating a new VPC and a transit gateway attachment.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
B. From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using an AWS Organizations SCP.
C. Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatically creates a new VPC and a VPC transit gateway attachment in a member account. Associate the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using the transit gateway ID.
D. Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatically creates a new VPC and a peering transit gateway attachment in a member account. Share the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using a transit gateway service-linked role.
E. From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Service Catalog.

#18 (Accuracy: 92% / 20 votes)

An enterprise company wants to allow its developers to purchase third-party software through AWS Marketplace. The company uses an AWS Organizations account structure with full features enabled, and has a shared services account in each organizational unit (OU) that will be used by procurement managers. The procurement team’s policy indicates that developers should be able to obtain third-party software from an approved list only and use Private Marketplace in AWS Marketplace to achieve this requirement. The procurement team wants administration of Private Marketplace to be restricted to a role named procurement-manager-role, which could be assumed by procurement managers. Other IAM users, groups, roles, and account administrators in the company should be denied Private Marketplace administrative access.
What is the MOST efficient way to design an architecture to meet these requirements?

A. Create an IAM role named procurement-manager-role in all AWS accounts in the organization. Add the PowerUserAccess managed policy to the role. Apply an inline policy to all IAM users and roles in every AWS account to deny permissions on the AWSPrivateMarketplaceAdminFullAccess managed policy.
B. Create an IAM role named procurement-manager-role in all AWS accounts in the organization. Add the AdministratorAccess managed policy to the role. Define a permissions boundary with the AWSPrivateMarketplaceAdminFullAccess managed policy and attach it to all the developer roles.
C. Create an IAM role named procurement-manager-role in all the shared services accounts in the organization. Add the AWSPrivateMarketplaceAdminFullAccess managed policy to the role. Create an organization root-level SCP to deny permissions to administer Private Marketplace to everyone except the role named procurement-manager-role. Create another organization root-level SCP to deny permissions to create an IAM role named procurement-manager-role to everyone in the organization.
D. Create an IAM role named procurement-manager-role in all AWS accounts that will be used by developers. Add the AWSPrivateMarketplaceAdminFullAccess managed policy to the role. Create an SCP in Organizations to deny permissions to administer Private Marketplace to everyone except the role named procurement-manager-role. Apply the SCP to all the shared services accounts in the organization.

#19 (Accuracy: 90% / 9 votes)

A company has created an OU in AWS Organizations for each of its engineering teams. Each OU owns multiple AWS accounts. The organization has hundreds of AWS accounts.
A solutions architect must design a solution so that each OU can view a breakdown of usage costs across its AWS accounts.
Which solution meets these requirements?

A. Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) for each OU by using AWS Resource Access Manager. Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.
B. Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) from the AWS Organizations management account. Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.
C. Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) in each AWS Organizations member account. Allow each team to visualize the CUR through an Amazon QuickSight dashboard.
D. Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) by using AWS Systems Manager. Allow each team to visualize the CUR through Systems Manager OpsCenter dashboards.

#20 (Accuracy: 95% / 25 votes)

A company’s solutions architect is reviewing a web application that runs on AWS. The application references static assets in an Amazon S3 bucket in the us-east-1 Region. The company needs resiliency across multiple AWS Regions. The company already has created an S3 bucket in a second Region.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Configure the application to write each object to both S3 buckets. Set up an Amazon Route 53 public hosted zone with a record set by using a weighted routing policy for each S3 bucket. Configure the application to reference the objects by using the Route 53 DNS name.
B. Create an AWS Lambda function to copy objects from the S3 bucket in us-east-1 to the S3 bucket in the second Region. Invoke the Lambda function each time an object is written to the S3 bucket in us-east-1. Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution with an origin group that contains the two S3 buckets as origins.
C. Configure replication on the S3 bucket in us-east-1 to replicate objects to the S3 bucket in the second Region. Set up an Amazon CloudFront distribution with an origin group that contains the two S3 buckets as origins.
D. Configure replication on the S3 bucket in us-east-1 to replicate objects to the S3 bucket in the second Region. If failover is required, update the application code to load S3 objects from the S3 bucket in the second Region.

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