Cloud Practice

#141 (Accuracy: 100% / 7 votes)

A company manages AWS accounts for application teams in AWS Control Tower. Individual application teams are responsible for securing their respective AWS accounts.

A DevOps engineer needs to enable Amazon GuardDuty for all AWS accounts in which the application teams have not already enabled GuardDuty. The DevOps engineer is using AWS CloudFormation StackSets from the AWS Control Tower management account.

How should the DevOps engineer configure the CloudFormation template to prevent failure during the StackSets deployment?

A. Create a CloudFormation custom resource that invokes an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to conditionally enable GuardDuty if GuardDuty is not already enabled in the accounts.
B. Use the Conditions section of the CloudFormation template to enable GuardDuty in accounts where GuardDuty is not already enabled.
C. Use the CloudFormation Fn::GetAtt intrinsic function to check whether GuardDuty is already enabled. If GuardDuty is not already enabled, use the Resources section of the CloudFormation template to enable GuardDuty.
D. Manually discover the list of AWS account IDs where GuardDuty is not enabled. Use the CloudFormation Fn::ImportValue intrinsic function to import the list of account IDs into the CloudFormation template to skip deployment for the listed AWS accounts.

#142 (Accuracy: 100% / 3 votes)

A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.

After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both CloudFront distributions. Update the application to use the new record set.
B. Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALCreate a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Update the default behavior to use the origin group.
C. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs. Set the TTL of both records to 0. Update the distribution's origin to use the new record set.
D. Create a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes. Configure the function to return a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB if the function detects 5xx status codes. Update the distribution's default behavior to send origin responses to the function.

#143 (Accuracy: 100% / 4 votes)

A company runs a web application that extends across multiple Availability Zones. The company uses an Application Load Balancer (ALB) for routing, AWS Fargate for the application, and Amazon Aurora for the application data. The company uses AWS CloudFormation templates to deploy the application. The company stores all Docker images in an Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR) repository in the same AWS account and AWS Region.

A DevOps engineer needs to establish a disaster recovery (DR) process in another Region. The solution must meet an RPO of 8 hours and an RTO of 2 hours. The company sometimes needs more than 2 hours to build the Docker images from the Dockerfile.

Which solution will meet the RTO and RPO requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A. Copy the CloudFormation templates and the Dockerfile to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Use AWS Backup to configure automated Aurora cross-Region hourly snapshots. In case of DR, build the most recent Docker image and upload the Docker image to an ECR repository in the DR Region. Use the CloudFormation template that has the most recent Aurora snapshot and the Docker image from the ECR repository to launch a new CloudFormation stack in the DR Region. Update the application DNS records to point to the new ALB.
B. Copy the CloudFormation templates to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Configure Aurora automated backup Cross-Region Replication. Configure ECR Cross-Region Replication. In case of DR, use the CloudFormation template with the most recent Aurora snapshot and the Docker image from the local ECR repository to launch a new CloudFormation stack in the DR Region. Update the application DNS records to point to the new ALB.
C. Copy the CloudFormation templates to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function to take an hourly snapshot of the Aurora database and of the most recent Docker image in the ECR repository. Copy the snapshot and the Docker image to the DR Region. In case of DR, use the CloudFormation template with the most recent Aurora snapshot and the Docker image from the local ECR repository to launch a new CloudFormation stack in the DR Region.
D. Copy the CloudFormation templates to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Deploy a second application CloudFormation stack in the DR Region. Reconfigure Aurora to be a global database. Update both CloudFormation stacks when a new application release in the current Region is needed. In case of DR, update the application DNS records to point to the new ALB.

#144 (Accuracy: 100% / 7 votes)

A video-sharing company stores its videos in Amazon S3. The company has observed a sudden increase in video access requests, but the company does not know which videos are most popular. The company needs to identify the general access pattern for the video files. This pattern includes the number of users who access a certain file on a given day, as well as the number of pull requests for certain files.
How can the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

A. Activate S3 server access logging. Import the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
B. Activate S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files. Use Athena to create a SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, such as user. S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.
D. Record an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log message for every S3 object access event. Configure a CloudWatch Logs log stream to write the file access information, such as user, S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL application. Perform a sliding window analysis.

#145 (Accuracy: 100% / 6 votes)

A company manages 500 AWS accounts that are in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company discovers many unattached Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes in all the accounts. The company wants to automatically tag the unattached EBS volumes for investigation.

A DevOps engineer needs to deploy an AWS Lambda function to all the AWS accounts. The Lambda function must run every 30 minutes to tag all the EBS volumes that have been unattached for a period of 7 days or more.

Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient manner?

A. Configure a delegated administrator account for the organization. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains the Lambda function. Use CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the CloudFormation template from the delegated administrator account to all the member accounts in the organization. Create an Amazon EventBridge event bus in the delegated administrator account to invoke the Lambda function in each member account every 30 minutes.
B. Create a cross-account IAM role in the organization's member accounts. Attach the AWSLambda_FullAccess policy and the AWSCloudFormationFullAccess policy to the role. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains the Lambda function and an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function every 30 minutes. Create a custom script in the organization’s management account that assumes the role and deploys the CloudFormation template to the member accounts.
C. Configure a delegated administrator account for the organization. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains the Lambda function and an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule to invoke the Lambda function every 30 minutes. Use CloudFormation StackSets to deploy the CloudFormation template from the delegated administrator account to all the member accounts in the organization
D. Create a cross-account IAM role in the organization's member accounts. Attach the AmazonS3FullAccess policy and the AWSCodeDeployDeployerAccess policy to the role. Use AWS CodeDeploy to assume the role to deploy the Lambda function from the organization's management account. Configure an Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule in the member accounts to invoke the Lambda function every 30 minutes.

#146 (Accuracy: 100% / 15 votes)

A space exploration company receives telemetry data from multiple satellites. Small packets of data are received through Amazon API Gateway and are placed directly into an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue. A custom application is subscribed to the queue and transforms the data into a standard format.
Because of inconsistencies in the data that the satellites produce, the application is occasionally unable to transform the data. In these cases, the messages remain in the SQS queue. A DevOps engineer must develop a solution that retains the failed messages and makes them available to scientists for review and future processing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue and invoke a Lambda function to check whether the queue messages are valid. If validation fails, send a copy of the data that is not valid to an Amazon S3 bucket so that the scientists can review and correct the data. When the data is corrected, amend the message in the SQS queue by using a replay Lambda function with the corrected data.
B. Convert the SQS standard queue to an SQS FIFO queue. Configure AWS Lambda to poll the SQS queue every 10 minutes by using an Amazon EventBridge schedule. Invoke the Lambda function to identify any messages with a SentTimestamp value that is older than 5 minutes, push the data to the same location as the application's output location, and remove the messages from the queue.
C. Create an SQS dead-letter queue. Modify the existing queue by including a redrive policy that sets the Maximum Receives setting to 1 and sets the dead-letter queue ARN to the ARN of the newly created queue. Instruct the scientists to use the dead-letter queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.
D. Configure API Gateway to send messages to different SQS virtual queues that are named for each of the satellites. Update the application to use a new virtual queue for any data that it cannot transform, and send the message to the new virtual queue. Instruct the scientists to use the virtual queue to review the data that is not valid. Reprocess this data at a later time.

#147 (Accuracy: 100% / 10 votes)

A company is implementing an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster to run its workload. The company architecture will run multiple ECS services on the cluster. The architecture includes an Application Load Balancer on the front end and uses multiple target groups to route traffic.
A DevOps engineer must collect application and access logs. The DevOps engineer then needs to send the logs to an Amazon S3 bucket for near-real-time analysis.
Which combination of steps must the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Download the Amazon CloudWatch Logs container instance from AWS. Configure this instance as a task. Update the application service definitions to include the logging task.
B. Install the Amazon CloudWatch Logs agent on the ECS instances. Change the logging driver in the ECS task definition to awslogs.
C. Use Amazon EventBridge to schedule an AWS Lambda function that will run every 60 seconds and will run the Amazon CloudWatch Logs create-export-task command. Then point the output to the logging S3 bucket.
D. Activate access logging on the ALB. Then point the ALB directly to the logging S3 bucket.
E. Activate access logging on the target groups that the ECS services use. Then send the logs directly to the logging S3 bucket.
F. Create an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream that has a destination of the logging S3 bucket. Then create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter for Kinesis Data Firehose.

#148 (Accuracy: 97% / 11 votes)

A company has migrated its container-based applications to Amazon EKS and want to establish automated email notifications. The notifications sent to each email address are for specific activities related to EKS components. The solution will include Amazon SNS topics and an AWS Lambda function to evaluate incoming log events and publish messages to the correct SNS topic.
Which logging solution will support these requirements?

A. Enable Amazon CloudWatch Logs to log the EKS components. Create a CloudWatch subscription filter for each component with Lambda as the subscription feed destination.
B. Enable Amazon CloudWatch Logs to log the EKS components. Create CloudWatch Logs Insights queries linked to Amazon EventBridge events that invoke Lambda.
C. Enable Amazon S3 logging for the EKS components. Configure an Amazon CloudWatch subscription filter for each component with Lambda as the subscription feed destination.
D. Enable Amazon S3 logging for the EKS components. Configure S3 PUT Object event notifications with AWS Lambda as the destination.

#149 (Accuracy: 100% / 5 votes)

A company is using AWS CodePipeline to automate its release pipeline. AWS CodeDeploy is being used in the pipeline to deploy an application to Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) using the blue/green deployment model. The company wants to implement scripts to test the green version of the application before shifting traffic. These scripts will complete in 5 minutes or less. If errors are discovered during these tests, the application must be rolled back.
Which strategy will meet these requirements?

A. Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use AWS CodeBuild to create a runtime environment and build commands in the buildspec file to invoke test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.
B. Add a stage to the CodePipeline pipeline between the source and deploy stages. Use this stage to invoke an AWS Lambda function that will run the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment command to stop the deployment.
C. Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTestTraffic lifecycle event to invoke an AWS Lambda function to run the test scripts. If errors are found, exit the Lambda function with an error to initiate rollback.
D. Add a hooks section to the CodeDeploy AppSpec file. Use the AfterAllowTraffic lifecycle event to invoke the test scripts. If errors are found, use the aws deploy stop-deployment CLI command to stop the deployment.

#150 (Accuracy: 100% / 7 votes)

A company has an on-premises application that is written in Go. A DevOps engineer must move the application to AWS. The company's development team wants to enable blue/green deployments and perform A/B testing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Deploy the application on an Amazon EC2 instance, and create an AMI of the instance. Use the AMI to create an automatic scaling launch configuration that is used in an Auto Scaling group. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute traffic. When changes are made to the application, a new AMI will be created, which will initiate an EC2 instance refresh.
B. Use Amazon Lightsail to deploy the application. Store the application in a zipped format in an Amazon S3 bucket. Use this zipped version to deploy new versions of the application to Lightsail. Use Lightsail deployment options to manage the deployment.
C. Use AWS CodeArtifact to store the application code. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the application to a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances. Use Elastic Load Balancing to distribute the traffic to the EC2 instances. When making changes to the application, upload a new version to CodeArtifact and create a new CodeDeploy deployment.
D. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to host the application. Store a zipped version of the application in Amazon S3. Use that location to deploy new versions of the application. Use Elastic Beanstalk to manage the deployment options.

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