Cloud Practice

#71 (Accuracy: 100% / 3 votes)

A company's application has an API that retrieves workload metrics. The company needs to audit, analyze, and visualize these metrics from the application to detect issues at scale.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Configure an Amazon EventBridge schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that calls the API to retrieve workload metrics. Store the workload metric data in an Amazon S3 bucket.
B. Configure an Amazon EventBridge schedule to invoke an AWS Lambda function that calls the API to retrieve workload metrics. Store the workload metric data in an Amazon DynamoDB table that has a DynamoDB stream enabled.
C. Create an AWS Glue crawler to catalog the workload metric data in the Amazon S3 bucket. Create views in Amazon Athena for the cataloged data.
D. Connect an AWS Glue crawler to the Amazon DynamoDB stream to catalog the workload metric data. Create views in Amazon Athena for the cataloged data.
E. Create Amazon QuickSight datasets from the Amazon Athena views. Create a QuickSight analysis to visualize the workload metric data as a dashboard.
F. Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that has custom widgets that invoke AWS Lambda functions. Configure the Lambda functions to query the workload metrics data from the Amazon Athena views.

#72 (Accuracy: 100% / 3 votes)

A company has an application that stores data that includes personally identifiable information (PII) in an Amazon S3 bucket. All data is encrypted with AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed keys. All AWS resources are deployed from an AWS CloudFormation template.

A DevOps engineer needs to set up a development environment for the application in a different AWS account. The data in the development environment's S3 bucket needs to be updated once a week from the production environment's S3 bucket.

The company must not move PII from the production environment without anonymizing the PII first. The data in each environment must be encrypted with different KMS customer managed keys.

Which combination of steps should the DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)

A. Activate Amazon Macie on the S3 bucket in the production account. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to initiate a discovery job and redact all PII before copying files to the S3 bucket in the development account. Give the state machine tasks decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the production account. Give the state machine tasks encrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account.
B. Set up S3 replication between the production S3 bucket and the development S3 bucket. Activate Amazon Macie on the development S3 bucket. Create an AWS Step Functions state machine to initiate a discovery job and redact all PII as the files are copied to the development S3 bucket. Give the state machine tasks encrypt and decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account.
C. Set up an S3 Batch Operations job to copy files from the production S3 bucket to the development S3 bucket. In the development account, configure an AWS Lambda function to redact ail PII. Configure S3 Object Lambda to use the Lambda function for S3 GET requests. Give the Lambda function's IAM role encrypt and decrypt permissions on the KMS key in the development account.
D. Create a development environment from the CloudFormation template in the development account. Schedule an Amazon EventBridge rule to start the AWS Step Functions state machine once a week.
E. Create a development environment from the CloudFormation template in the development account. Schedule a cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance to run once a week to start the S3 Batch Operations job.

#73 (Accuracy: 100% / 2 votes)

A company uses an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster to deploy its web applications on containers. The web applications contain confidential data that cannot be decrypted without specific credentials.

A DevOps engineer has stored the credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. The secrets are encrypted by an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key. A Kubernetes service account for a third-party tool makes the secrets available to the applications. The service account assumes an IAM role that the company created to access the secrets.

The service account receives an Access Denied (403 Forbidden) error while trying to retrieve the secrets from Secrets Manager.

What is the root cause of this issue?

A. The IAM role that is attached to the EKS cluster does not have access to retrieve the secrets from Secrets Manager.
B. The key policy for the customer managed key does not allow the Kubernetes service account IAM role to use the key.
C. The key policy for the customer managed key does not allow the EKS cluster IAM role to use the key.
D. The IAM role that is assumed by the Kubernetes service account does not have permission to access the EKS cluster.

#74 (Accuracy: 100% / 4 votes)

A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company wants its monitoring system to receive an alert when a root user logs in. The company also needs a dashboard to display any log activity that the root user generates.

Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Enable AWS Config with a multi-account aggregator. Configure log forwarding to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
B. Create an Amazon QuickSight dashboard that uses an Amazon CloudWatch Logs query.
C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs metric filter to match root user login events. Configure a CloudWatch alarm and an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to send alerts to the company's monitoring system.
D. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Logs subscription filter to match root user login events. Configure the filter to forward events to an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic. Configure the SNS topic to send alerts to the company's monitoring system.
E. Create an AWS CloudTrail organization trail. Configure the organization trail to send events to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
F. Create an Amazon CloudWatch dashboard that uses a CloudWatch Logs Insights query.

#75 (Accuracy: 100% / 3 votes)

A company is using AWS CodeDeploy to automate software deployment. The deployment must meet these requirements:

• A number of instances must be available to serve traffic during the deployment. Traffic must be balanced across those instances, and the instances must automatically heal in the event of failure. • A new fleet of instances must be launched for deploying a new revision automatically, with no manual provisioning.
• Traffic must be rerouted to the new environment to half of the new instances at a time. The deployment should succeed if traffic is rerouted to at least half of the instances: otherwise, it should fail.
• Before routing traffic to the new fleet of instances, the temporary files generated during the deployment process must be deleted.
• At the end of a successful deployment, the original instances in the deployment group must be deleted immediately to reduce costs.

How can a DevOps engineer meet these requirements?

A. Use an Application Load Balancer and an in-place deployment. Associate the Auto Scaling group with the deployment group. Use the Automatically copy Auto Scaling group option, and use CodeDeployDefault.OneAtAtime as the deployment configuration. Instruct AWS CodeDeploy to terminate the original instances in the deployment group, and use the AllowTraffic hook within appspec.yml to delete the temporary files.
B. Use an Application Load Balancer and a blue/green deployment. Associate the Auto Scaling group and Application Load Balancer target group with the deployment group. Use the Automatically copy Auto Scaling group option, create a custom deployment configuration with minimum healthy hosts defined as 50%, and assign the configuration to the deployment group. Instruct AWS CodeDeploy to terminate the original instances in the deployment group, and use the BeforeBlockTraffic hook within appspec.yml to delete the temporary files.
C. Use an Application Load Balancer and a blue/green deployment. Associate the Auto Scaling group and the Application Load Balancer target group with the deployment group. Use the Automatically copy Auto Scaling group option, and use CodeDeployDefault.HalfAtAtime as the deployment configuration. Instruct AWS CodeDeploy to terminate the original instances in the deployment group, and use the BeforeAllowTraffic hook within appspec.yml to delete the temporary files.
D. Use an Application Load Balancer and an in-place deployment. Associate the Auto Scaling group and Application Load Balancer target group with the deployment group. Use the Automatically copy Auto Scaling group option, and use CodeDeployDefault.AllatOnce as a deployment configuration. Instruct AWS CodeDeploy to terminate the original instances in the deployment group, and use the BlockTraffic hook within appspec.yml to delete the temporary files.

#76 (Accuracy: 100% / 4 votes)

A company uses an AWS CodeCommit repository to store its source code and corresponding unit tests. The company has configured an AWS CodePipeline pipeline that includes an AWS CodeBuild project that runs when code is merged to the main branch of the repository.

The company wants the CodeBuild project to run the unit tests. If the unit tests pass, the CodeBuild project must tag the most recent commit.

How should the company configure the CodeBuild project to meet these requirements?

A. Configure the CodeBuild project to use native Git to done the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use native Git to create a tag and to push the Git tag to the repository if the code passes the unit tests.
B. Configure the CodeBuild projed to use native Git to done the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new repository tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.
C. Configure the CodeBuild project to use AWS CLI commands to copy the code from the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new Git tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.
D. Configure the CodeBuild project to use AWS CLI commands to copy the code from the CodeCommit repository. Configure the project to run the unit tests. Configure the project to use AWS CLI commands to create a new repository tag in the repository if the code passes the unit tests.

#77 (Accuracy: 100% / 6 votes)

A DevOps engineer is setting up a container-based architecture. The engineer has decided to use AWS CloudFormation to automatically provision an Amazon ECS cluster and an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group to launch the EC2 container instances. After successfully creating the CloudFormation stack, the engineer noticed that, even though the ECS cluster and the EC2 instances were created successfully and the stack finished the creation, the EC2 instances were associating with a different cluster.

How should the DevOps engineer update the CloudFormation template to resolve this issue?

A. Reference the EC2 instances in the AWS::ECS::Cluster resource and reference the ECS cluster in the AWS::ECS::Service resource.
B. Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration resource of the UserData property.
C. Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS::EC2::Instance resource of the UserData property.
D. Reference the ECS cluster in the AWS::CloudFormation::CustomResource resource to trigger an AWS Lambda function that registers the EC2 instances with the appropriate ECS cluster.

#78 (Accuracy: 100% / 7 votes)

A company has configured an Amazon S3 event source on an AWS Lambda function. The company needs the Lambda function to run when a new object is created or an existing object is modified in a particular S3 bucket. The Lambda function will use the S3 bucket name and the S3 object key of the incoming event to read the contents of the created or modified S3 object. The Lambda function will parse the contents and save the parsed contents to an Amazon DynamoDB table.

The Lambda function's execution role has permissions to read from the S3 bucket and to write to the DynamoDB table. During testing, a DevOps engineer discovers that the Lambda function does not run when objects are added to the S3 bucket or when existing objects are modified.

Which solution will resolve this problem?

A. Increase the memory of the Lambda function to give the function the ability to process large files from the S3 bucket.
B. Create a resource policy on the Lambda function to grant Amazon S3 the permission to invoke the Lambda function for the S3 bucket.
C. Configure an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue as an OnFailure destination for the Lambda function.
D. Provision space in the /tmp folder of the Lambda function to give the function the ability to process large files from the S3 bucket.

#79 (Accuracy: 100% / 10 votes)

A company deploys a web application on Amazon EC2 instances that are behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The company stores the application code in an AWS CodeCommit repository. When code is merged to the main branch, an AWS Lambda function invokes an AWS CodeBuild project. The CodeBuild project packages the code, stores the packaged code in AWS CodeArtifact, and invokes AWS Systems Manager Run Command to deploy the packaged code to the EC2 instances.

Previous deployments have resulted in defects, EC2 instances that are not running the latest version of the packaged code, and inconsistencies between instances.

Which combination of actions should a DevOps engineer take to implement a more reliable deployment solution? (Choose two.)

A. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that uses the CodeCommit repository as a source provider. Configure pipeline stages that run the CodeBuild project in parallel to build and test the application. In the pipeline, pass the CodeBuild project output artifact to an AWS CodeDeploy action.
B. Create a pipeline in AWS CodePipeline that uses the CodeCommit repository as a source provider. Create separate pipeline stages that run a CodeBuild project to build and then test the application. In the pipeline, pass the CodeBuild project output artifact to an AWS CodeDeploy action.
C. Create an AWS CodeDeploy application and a deployment group to deploy the packaged code to the EC2 instances. Configure the ALB for the deployment group.
D. Create individual Lambda functions that use AWS CodeDeploy instead of Systems Manager to run build, test, and deploy actions.
E. Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Modify the CodeBuild project to store the packages in the S3 bucket instead of in CodeArtifact. Use deploy actions in CodeDeploy to deploy the artifact to the EC2 instances.

#80 (Accuracy: 100% / 10 votes)

A company builds an application that uses an Application Load Balancer in front of Amazon EC2 instances that are in an Auto Scaling group. The application is stateless. The Auto Scaling group uses a custom AMI that is fully prebuilt. The EC2 instances do not have a custom bootstrapping process.

The AMI that the Auto Scaling group uses was recently deleted. The Auto Scaling group's scaling activities show failures because the AMI ID does not exist.

Which combination of steps should a DevOps engineer take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)

A. Create a new launch template that uses the new AMI.
B. Update the Auto Scaling group to use the new launch template.
C. Reduce the Auto Scaling group's desired capacity to 0.
D. Increase the Auto Scaling group's desired capacity by 1.
E. Create a new AMI from a running EC2 instance in the Auto Scaling group.
F. Create a new AMI by copying the most recent public AMI of the operating system that the EC2 instances use.

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